Touring the design patterns in Samvera

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touring bicycles

cc-by-nd: 8barbikes

Where are we? What are we doing here?

Where are we going?
What are our goals?
Where to next?

Maintainable software

Well defined interfaces

Fewer included modules

Customize without contortions to override controller/helper methods

Keep it working

uncle bob

SOLID: The first five principles

Anti-pattern: Rails Helpers

touring bicycles

cc-by-nc: Edmund White

Multiple responsibilities:

FacetsHelperBehavior

Solution: Presenter

track bicycles

cc-by-nc: Steve McFarland

a.k.a.: Decorator or View-Model

The presenter is responsible for translating values from the model to a presentable form.

Presenter

class BookPresenter
  def initialize(book)
    @book = book
  end

  delegate :title, :creator, to: :@book

  def glitter_title
    '★' + @book.title + '☆'
  end
end

Presenter usage

class BooksController < ApplicationController
  def show
    book = Book.find(params[:id])
    @presenter = BookPresenter.new(book)
  end
end

In real code

https://github.com/samvera/hyrax/blob/ac57f4a931459f8f9b15cccd838d29307627dff5/app/controllers/concerns/hyrax/curation_concern_controller.rb#L56

Hands on exercise

crash test dummy

cc-by: Timmy_L

Task: Display a new field 'restrictions'

Start up the VM

$ vagrant up
$ vagrant ssh

Change directory to the Hyrax sample application

$ cd hyrax-sample

Generate Hyrax application

If you're using the provided VM, this is already done. You can skip this step.

If you don't already have Rails 5+ installed

$ gem install rails -v 5.0.0.1
$ rails new hyrax-sample -m
                https://raw.githubusercontent.com/samvera/hyrax/master/template.rb

Generate a book

$ rails generate hyrax:work Book

Start up the services

Open 3 more terminal windows. In each window:

$ vagrant ssh
$ cd hyrax-sample

Start up the services

Start Solr: $ solr_wrapper

Start Fedora: $ fcrepo_wrapper

Start Rails: $ rails server -b 0.0.0.0

Create an account

When you see Listening on tcp://0.0.0.0:3000 the server is ready to visit at http://localhost:3000/

* If you're using Rails 4, you'll see WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=5962 port=3000 instead.

Create a presenter

Task: Display a new field 'restrictions'

in the fourth terminal window:

$ mkdir app/presenters
$ nano app/presenters/book_presenter.rb

Create a presenter

# app/presenters/book_presenter.rb
class BookPresenter < Hyrax::WorkShowPresenter
  delegate :restrictions, to: :solr_document
end

* You need to restart your rails server

Update the solr document

# app/models/solr_document.rb
class SolrDocument
  ...
  def restrictions
    fetch('restrictions_tesim', ['nothing'])
  end
  ...
end

Update the controller

# app/controllers/hyrax/books_controller.rb
module Hyrax
  class BooksController < ApplicationController
    include Hyrax::WorksControllerBehavior
    include Hyrax::BreadcrumbsForWorks
    self.curation_concern_type = Book

    # Set our custom presenter
    self.show_presenter = ::BookPresenter
  end
end

Update the view partial

$ cp `bundle show hyrax`/app/views/hyrax/base/_attribute_rows.html.erb
      app/views/hyrax/books/

$ nano app/views/hyrax/books/_attribute_rows.html.erb
      

Update the view partial

# app/view/hyrax/books/_attribute_rows.html.erb
<%= presenter.attribute_to_html(:description) %>
<%= presenter.attribute_to_html(:creator, render_as: :linked ) %>
...
<%= presenter.attribute_to_html(:source) %>

<%= presenter.attribute_to_html(:restrictions) %>
      

View your work

Now, if you create a book, you should see the "restrictions" row display in the metadata.

Update the a presenter

# app/presenters/book_presenter.rb
class BookPresenter < Hyrax::WorkShowPresenter
  # delegate :restrictions, to: :solr_document

  def restrictions
    if solr_document.restrictions.first == 'nothing'
     "There are no restrictions on this object"
    else
      solr_document.restrictions
    end
  end
end

Presenters in conclusion

Forms

Like a presenter but backed by a ActiveFedora object, not a SolrDocument

Task: Add 'restrictions' to the create/edit page.

Customize the model

# app/models/book.rb
class Book < ActiveFedora::Base
  include ::Hyrax::WorkBehavior
  include ::Hyrax::BasicMetadata
  # Change this to restrict which works can be added as a child.
  # self.valid_child_concerns = []
  validates :title, presence: { message: 'Your work must have a title.' }
  property :restrictions, predicate: ::RDF::Vocab::DC.accessRights do |index|
    index.as :stored_searchable
  end
  self.human_readable_type = 'Book'
end

Customize the form

# app/forms/hyrax/book_form.rb
module Hyrax
  class BookForm < Hyrax::Forms::WorkForm
    self.model_class = ::Book

    self.terms += [:resource_type, :restrictions]
  end
end

Maybe make the property single value?

# app/models/book.rb
  ...
  property :restrictions, predicate: ::RDF::Vocab::DC.accessRights, multiple: false do |index|
    index.as :stored_searchable
  end
  ...

Forms in conclusion

Anti-pattern: bloated services

crash

cc-by-nc-nd: Rob Lucas

Multiple responsibilities:

GenericFile::Actor

Solution: Stack

stacked

cc-by: Mark B. Schlemmer

Flow from one stack frame at a time, with each frame having a single responsibility.

Hyrax::ActorFactory

Actor Stack

actor stack

Actor Stack: In the wild

# app/actors/hyrax/actors/add_as_member_of_collections_actor.rb
class AddAsMemberOfCollectionsActor < AbstractActor
  def create(attributes)
    collection_ids = attributes.delete(:member_of_collection_ids)
    add_to_collections(collection_ids) && next_actor.create(attributes)
  end

  def update(attributes)
    collection_ids = attributes.delete(:member_of_collection_ids)
    add_to_collections(collection_ids) && next_actor.update(attributes)
  end
  private
  ...
end

Create actor

# app/actors/hyrax/actors/metadata_enrichment_actor.rb
module Hyrax
  module Actors
    class MetadataEnrichmentActor < Hyrax:Actors:BaseActor
      def create(attributes)
        enrich_metadata(attributes) && next_actor.create(attributes)
      end

      private
        def enrich_metadata(attributes)
          if attributes.fetch('creator').include?("Carla Hayden")
            attributes['description'] << "She's the Librarian of Congress"
          end
          true
        end
    end
  end
end

Add actor to the stack

$ mkdir -p app/services/hyrax
  $ cp `bundle show hyrax`/app/services/hyrax/actor_factory.rb app/services/hyrax/
  
# app/services/hyrax/actor_factory.rb
module Hyrax
  class ActorFactory
    def self.stack_actors(curation_concern)
      [MetadataEnrichmentActor,
        CreateWithRemoteFilesActor,
        CreateWithFilesActor,
        Hyrax::Actors::AddAsMemberOfCollectionsActor,
        Hyrax::Actors::AddToWorkActor,
        Hyrax::Actors::AssignRepresentativeActor,
        Hyrax::Actors::AttachFilesActor,
         ....
       model_actor(curation_concern),
       # Initialize workflow after model is saved
       Hyrax::Actors::InitializeWorkflowActor]
    end
  end
end

Add actor to the stack

Since we just changed an initializer, we'll need to restart the Rails server. Now try it out!

Actor stack in conclusion

Anti-pattern: bloated controller

crash

cc-by-nc: Brad Hammonds

Multiple responsibilities:

RequestBuilders (included onto CatalogController)

Search Builders

Search Builder: In the wild

# hyrax: app/search_builders/hyrax/catalog_search_builder.rb
class Hyrax::CatalogSearchBuilder < ::SearchBuilder
  self.default_processor_chain += [
    :add_access_controls_to_solr_params,
    :show_works_or_works_that_contain_files,
    :show_only_active_records
  ]
  ...
end

Search Builder: In the wild (cont.)

# hyrax: app/search_builders/hyrax/catalog_search_builder.rb
class Hyrax::CatalogSearchBuilder < ::SearchBuilder
  ...
  # show both works that match the query and works that contain files that match the query
    def show_works_or_works_that_contain_files(solr_parameters)
        return if blacklight_params[:q].blank? || blacklight_params[:search_field]
        solr_parameters[:user_query] = blacklight_params[:q]
        solr_parameters[:q] = new_query
    end

    # show works that are in the active state.
    def show_only_active_records(solr_parameters)
      solr_parameters[:fq] ||= []
      solr_parameters[:fq] << '-suppressed_bsi:true'
    end
    ...
end

Search Builder: In the wild (cont.)

# hyrax: app/search_builders/hyrax/filter_by_type.rb
module FilterByType
  ...
  # Add queries that excludes everything except for works and collections
  def filter_models(solr_parameters)
    solr_parameters[:fq] ||= []
    solr_parameters[:fq] << "{!terms f=has_model_ssim}#{models_to_solr_clause}"
  end
  ...
  protected
  ...
    # Override this method if you want to filter for a different set of models.
      # @return [Array] a list of classes to include
    def models
      work_classes + collection_classes
    end
  private
  ...
    def models_to_solr_clause
      # to_class_uri is deprecated in AF 11
      [ActiveFedora::Base.respond_to?(:to_rdf_representation) ? models.map(&:to_rdf_representation) : models.map(&:to_class_uri)].join(',')
    end
  ...
end

Exercise

Create a search builder that finds books by a particular person

# app/models/created_by_search_builder.rb
class CreatedBySearchBuilder < Blacklight::SearchBuilder
  include Blacklight::Solr::SearchBuilderBehavior
  include Hydra::AccessControlsEnforcement
  include Hyrax::SearchFilters

  self.default_processor_chain = [:for_users]
  def for_users(solr_parameters)
    solr_parameters[:fq] ||= []
    solr_parameters[:fq] << "{!field f=creator_tesim v=#{blacklight_params[:q][:creator]}}"
  end
end

Exercise

builder = CreatedBySearchBuilder.new(nil).with(creator: 'Carla
  Hayden')
builder.query
  => {"facet.field"=>[], "facet.query"=>[], "facet.pivot"=>[],
      "fq"=>["{!field f=creator_tesim v=Carla Hayden}"], "hl.fl"=>[]}

Exercise

Create a search builder that finds books by a particular person

repository = CatalogController.new.repository
builder = CreatedBySearchBuilder.new(nil).where(creator: 'Carla Hayden')
response = repository.search(builder)
response.documents

Fin

track bicycles

cc-by-sa: Brandon O'Connor